The basic components of operating systems are.
a) Process Management:
a) Process Management:
The operating System is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management.
· Process creation and deletion
· Process suspension and resumption
· Provision mechanisms for process synchronization and process communication
b) Main-Memory management
b) Main-Memory management
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with memory management.
· Keep track of which parts of memory and currently being used by whom
· Decide which process to load when memory space becomes available.
· Allocate and De-allocate memory space as needed.
c) Secondary-Storage management
c) Secondary-Storage management
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with disk management.
· Free space management
· Storage allocation
· Disk scheduling
d) I/O system Management
d) I/O system Management
The I/O system management consists of
· A buffer-caching system
· A general device-driver interface
· Drivers for specific hardware devices
e) File Management
e) File Management
The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with file management.
· File creation and deletion
· Directory creation & deletion
· Support of primitives for manipulating files and directories
· Mapping files onto secondary storage
· File backup on stable (non volatile) storage media.
f) Protection system
f) Protection system
Protection refers to a mechanism for controlling access by programs, processes or users to both system and user resources.
The protection mechanism must.
· Distinguish between authorized and unauthorized usage.
· Specify the controls to be imposed.
· Provide a means of enforcement
g) Networking (Distributed System)
g) Networking (Distributed System)
A distributed system is collection of processors that do not share memory or a clock. Each processor has its own local memory. The processors in the system are connected through a communication network. A distributed system provides user access to various system resources. Access to a shared resource allows.
· Computation speed-up
· Increased data availability
· Enhanced reliability
h) Command-Interpreter system
h) Command-Interpreter system
Many commands are given to the operating system by control statements which deal with.
· Process creation and management
· I/O handling
· Secondary-storage management
· Main-memory management
· File system access
· Protection
· Networking
The program that reads and interprets control statements called variously
· Control-card interpreter
· Command-line interpreter
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