Basic Components of operating Systems.

The basic components of operating systems are.
a) Process Management:

The operating System is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management.

· Process creation and deletion

· Process suspension and resumption

· Provision mechanisms for process synchronization and process communication

b) Main-Memory management

The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with memory management.

· Keep track of which parts of memory and currently being used by whom

· Decide which process to load when memory space becomes available.

· Allocate and De-allocate memory space as needed.

c) Secondary-Storage management

The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with disk management.

· Free space management

· Storage allocation

· Disk scheduling

d) I/O system Management

The I/O system management consists of

· A buffer-caching system

· A general device-driver interface

· Drivers for specific hardware devices

e) File Management

The operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with file management.

· File creation and deletion

· Directory creation & deletion

· Support of primitives for manipulating files and directories

· Mapping files onto secondary storage

· File backup on stable (non volatile) storage media.

f) Protection system

Protection refers to a mechanism for controlling access by programs, processes or users to both system and user resources.

The protection mechanism must.

· Distinguish between authorized and unauthorized usage.

· Specify the controls to be imposed.

· Provide a means of enforcement

g) Networking (Distributed System)

A distributed system is collection of processors that do not share memory or a clock. Each processor has its own local memory. The processors in the system are connected through a communication network. A distributed system provides user access to various system resources. Access to a shared resource allows.

· Computation speed-up

· Increased data availability

· Enhanced reliability

h) Command-Interpreter system

Many commands are given to the operating system by control statements which deal with.

· Process creation and management

· I/O handling

· Secondary-storage management

· Main-memory management

· File system access

· Protection

· Networking

The program that reads and interprets control statements called variously

· Control-card interpreter

· Command-line interpreter

· Shell(in UNIX)

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